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October 2024
Vol. 19 No. 2

Technological developments, altering geopolitical dynamics, and evolving consumer behavior are all contributing to the evolution of the global commerce scene. As the Journal of Commerce and Trade, we understand that in order to remain competitive and prosper in this fast-paced world, companies, legislators, and economists must adjust to these changes.
Technology is changing how commodities and services are traded, especially in the areas of automation, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. These developments are expected to increase supply chain transparency, lower costs, and boost efficiency. Even the smallest companies can now access global markets thanks to e-commerce platforms that are growing trade networks. Strong cybersecurity and data protection measures are essential as international trade grows more digital in order to protect consumers and enterprises alike.
Furthermore, sustainability is now a key component of global trade rather than a secondary consideration. Businesses need to figure out how to match their operations with sustainable practices as consumers around the world want more environmentally friendly products. In order to encourage green technology and lower carbon footprints, trade policies will unavoidably change, making it harder for companies to develop while still being profitable.
Global trade is also significantly shaped by geopolitical changes. Trade wars, shifting alliances, and regulatory changes are factors that demand a level of agility and foresight from those navigating the international market. Companies must not only stay informed about trade policies but also understand the cultural and political nuances that influence cross-border commerce.
Adopting innovation, adaptability, and teamwork will be essential to our success going forward. Businesses can not only survive but also prosper in the dynamic global trade environment by adjusting to these changes, opening up new avenues for growth and changing the direction of trade.
This is 38^th edition of Journal of Commerce and Trade. I thank all editors, reviewers and authors for their constant and literary support.
Wishing you continued success and prosperity,
October 2023
Vol. 18 No. 2
April 2023
Vol. 18

I hope this editorial note finds you in good health and high spirits. I wanted to take a moment to highlight an incredibly significant milestone that India recently achieved - its presidency of the G20 - a forum of the world's 20 largest economies. India assumed the presidency of the G20 on December 1, 2022, and will hold the presidency until November 30, 2023. This will be a significant opportunity for the country to showcase its leadership on the global stage in a rapidly changing world. The theme of India's G20 presidency is “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth, One Family, One Future”.
This prestigious responsibility further underscores India's growing stature and influence on the global stage, as it becomes the first South Asian nation to assume this pivotal role. This appointment not only reflects the recognition of India's economic strength and potential but also acknowledges its commitment to promoting inclusive and sustainable growth on a global scale. With a population exceeding 1.3 billion people, India stands as the world's second-most populous country, representing a diverse tapestry of cultures, traditions, and aspirations. It is a nation with immense human capital, which has been a driving force behind its rapid economic growth. India's economy is undeniably on an upward trajectory, making it a key player in the global market.
In 2021, despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, India ranked as the world's sixth-largest economy in terms of nominal GDP. As the G20 president, India has a unique opportunity to shape the global agenda, foster international cooperation, and address critical issues that affect us all. From tackling climate change and fostering sustainable development to promoting digital transformation and enhancing global trade, India's leadership in the G20 will undoubtedly leave a lasting impact. India's presidency also serves as a testament to its diplomatic prowess and its ability to engage with diverse nations across the world. As a nation deeply committed to the principles of multilateralism, India brings a unique perspective to the table, grounded in its own experiences and challenges. By fostering dialogue and collaboration, India aims to drive equitable and inclusive growth that benefits all member nations.
Beyond the economic realm, India's presidency of the G20 also highlights its commitment to social development and the welfare of its citizens. With a strong emphasis on initiatives like financial inclusion, women empowerment and skill development, India seeks to uplift marginalized sections of society, both at home and abroad. Let us celebrate this achievement and look forward to the positive impact that India's leadership will bring to the world stage.
This is 35^th edition: Volume 18 Issue 1: April 2023 of Journal of Commerce and Trade. I thank all editors, reviewers and authors for their constant and literary support.

Wishing you continued success and prosperity,
October 2022
Vol. 17 No. 2

I am feeling proud observing the pace of India's digitalization under PM Narendra Modi's vision. India's tech-future is bright. India is on lightening speed to be a technology superhub in near 'techade'.
In 2015, PM Narendra Modi launched the initiative 'Digital India'. That time, three-fold vision for IT in 2015 was set out: Transformation life of citizens through digital governance; expand digital economy; and make India a producer of technology instead of consumer.
Satellite broadband and communication service market in India is expected to grow & expand with the developing use case horizon and exponential growth in data consumption. Over 20 year old law governing Internet will be replaced soon as the Data Protection BIll is ready and it will be before Parliament in due time. India's dream to be a producer of technology can come true through developments and investment commitments to facilitate commercial opportunities and development of semiconductor innovation ecosystems. India's semiconductor market is predicted to play an important role in enhancing the global value chain and generating employment on a large scale. Smartphones, wearables, automative components, computing and data storage are areas where high demand of semiconductors is rising.
Modi's vision has transformed the growth and development patterns of the Indian economy.
I am dead assured that the coming century is India's time and progress.
The 34th issue of Journal of Commerce and Trade i.e., Ocotber 2022 is in your hands. I am thankful to Editors, Reviewers, Authors, Indexing agencies and other associated parties and bodies for the successful publication of this issue.
April 2022
Vol. 17 No. 1

Employment procurement or resource to procure employment is a big challenge in a country where population explosion is high. India in terms of population is not in a good condition because there is a swift rural to urban population migration due to unemployment. Rural to urban population migration pinches the economic progress brutally. Because, Rural areas become vacant therefore rural industrialisation and agriculture start decaying in shortage of labour in rural areas. Government has to make unplanned arrangements like food, shelter, safety etc. for the over populated urban areas. And, on the other side income generation of such population is not included in GDP. Thus, It raises concern and presents a massive mismatch between the GDP growth and the situation on the ground. The numbers show an improvement in the gross domestic product or the overall economy, which is likely to grow above 9 per cent in the current financial year that ends on March 31, 2022. It is a marked improvement from last year when the economy had contracted by 7.3 per cent. This should actually mean more income, more prosperity and more jobs. This situation gives rise to K-shaped economic condition where certain formal sector grows while the informal sector lags behind. Therefore, government should immediately take an action to demorialise rural to urban population migration. Government should favour traditional employment methods as the rural population has developed skills in those methods.
Journal of commerce and trade is now launching 23rd issue i.e., Vol .17 No. 1 April , 2022. Please be connected with us via email or whatsapp. Share your views to me. Distribute your paper at your social media handles and groups to let the public know about your paper or research.
Index
October 2021
Vol. 16 No. 2

The central government has unveiled a Rs. 6 lakh crore 4 - year National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP). The step so taken looks awkward in first instance but it affirms the government commitment of better roads, highways and airports. It will give more thrust to the economy to develop and flourish. Now, the 32^nd issue i.e., Vol. 16 No. 2: October 2021 is printed and live on the website. Let us know about your views by writing an email to us. We follow a high selection procedure for the papers to give space in the Journal. Cite and refer papers in further researches.
Index
April 2021
Vol. 16 No. 1

This is not a spread of a pandemic alone but a type of war being fought. It is affecting almost all areas of growth and development. A gap in the education system is unexpectedly emerged due to the fatal spread of pandemic. Universities, institutions, colleges and teachers have never felt a need for the technology driven education system. The traditional methods of educational system are always preferred as the best available and suitable methods of disseminating education from nursery to super-specialty. Journal of Commerce and Trade is also not remained apart from this fatal virus. But, the release of April 2021 issue is still on time. We wish Pandemic free World for all.
Index
October 2020
Vol. 15 No. 2

Unawareness of rural population with internet based education and weaknesses in technology access are main culprit in Pandemic Lockdown. Teachers, who were trained extensively year per year for ‘chalk and talk’ culture have to unexpectedly enter into ‘online and show-time’ culture of teaching. Online education needs two fundamentals - One, the technology availability of teacher and two, the technology availability of student. In rural areas, no one has these facilities. Government could operate radio and TV signal based education so that one can hear or watch the content and may become aware.
Index
April 2020
Vol. 15 No. 1

The unexpected haunt of pandemic COVID-19 has put everyone in an unrestful state. Elimination of daily wage, closure of industries and government work and shattering of economy is the another one. No official, no economist and no scientist is in a position to bring in a handsome solution to this rising problem. The two-meals per day to the hungry, transportation to the migratory labour, oxygen to the dying economy and packages to the industries are the main roles of a government to play in this disaster situation. Our doctors, policemen and social workers have done a great job. Journal of Commerce & Trade and the team is always with you and hope a safe time for you.
Index
October 2019
Vol. 14 No. 2

Agriculture is lacking effective transportation, standard power support, upgraded agro-processing system and modernize farm produce mechanism. Wasting natural resources and farm capacity is a main concern here but the creation of bulk employment at local level is also another more serious concern. Whatever Industrial Development we have achieved or whatever new MNAREGA type policies we have framed but the hard fact is that Agriculture is the highest employment provider even today. With this title concept, I welcome all in the launch of this 29th issue i.e., Volume 14 Issue 2 (October, 2019). I thank ever encouraging role of our editors, reviewers, authors and readers.
Index
April 2019
Vol. 14 No. 1

The economy and trade can only be sustained by applying a dynamic and monitoring approach to the basic sectors i.e., 'Micro, Small and Medium enterprises' and 'Agriculture'. The large scale industries cater to the employment needs of a specified sector. Government should pay a deep attention to the sectors of Agriculture (including agri-business) and MSMEs. Some measure like delay in assessing farm loan and MSME advances and NPA should be delayed. Demonatisation, Jandhan Yojna and Digitalization on a side give technological upgradation and standard of living.
Index
October 2018
Vol. 13 No. 2

India has played a deciding role in the G20 Summit on International Trade, International financial and Tax Systems at Argentina, South America. Prime Minister Modi suggested to form Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to formulate a standard definition of fugitive economic offenders and further to develop a set of commonly agreed and standardized procedures related to identification, extradition and judicial proceedings for dealing with fugitive economic offenders to provide guidance and assistance to G-20 countries, subject to their domestic law. India will rise soon as a New Economic Power of East. Now, I congratulate all of you for this October 2018- Volume 13 No. 2 issue. Please be connected through our website www.jctindia.org.
Index
April 2018
Vol. 13 No. 1

The well-being, the welfare and the future-security of human capital is not only the responsibility of the government but also the urgent need of the hour. Thus, proper employment and adequate income is the key for all the above requirements which are proving to be threat rather than opportunity. The main hurdle in the way to enhanced per capita income is the lack of appropriate and suitable employment to Indian youth. I hope 2024 will give new shape to India and its people. Here, I will not forget to thank all my Editors, Editorial Members, Review Members, Administrative Team and Authors to support in the publication of this April 2018 issue.
Index
October 2017
Vol. 12 No. 2

Demonetisation, Digitalisation and GST are the talk of the town these days. Digitalisation also provide easy monitoring of cash transactions, audit of tax-procedures and tracking of illegal transactions. Well, all big strategic analysists are taking these Demonetisation, Digitalisation and GST issues as big policy shift and future focused. The success of our every effort is due to active support of our editorial, review and administrative team and the authors. I am thankful to all concerned.
Index
April 2017
Vol. 12 No. 1

India is already one of world’s fastest growing major economies. Finance Minister, with much hope, comments that it will restore efficiency and growth by creating a common market of 1.3 billion consumers, a population greater than the US, Europe, Brazil, Maxico and Japan combined. Manufacturing states initially suffer as the extra revenue is generated in more populous consuming states. There are also some sectors untouched by the new tax including alcohal and real estate. Now, we have entered in another UGC approved journals era in India. Journal of Commerce & Trade is UGC approved journal bearing No. 48687. This is 23rd issue. 12th year of publication has been started. The success of our every effort is due to active support of our editorial, review and administrative team and the authors.