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April 2023
Vol. 18

All submitted papers are Double Blind Reviewed and Plag checked. Rejected Papers are returned back. Hard copy is in Press. As it is published, it will be uploaded on the website within one week.
Expected Date of Visibility on Website: 4-7-2023

I hope this editorial note finds you in good health and high spirits. I wanted to take a moment to highlight an incredibly significant milestone that India recently achieved - its presidency of the G20 - a forum of the world's 20 largest economies. India assumed the presidency of the G20 on December 1, 2022, and will hold the presidency until November 30, 2023. This will be a significant opportunity for the country to showcase its leadership on the global stage in a rapidly changing world. The theme of India's G20 presidency is “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth, One Family, One Future”.
This prestigious responsibility further underscores India's growing stature and influence on the global stage, as it becomes the first South Asian nation to assume this pivotal role. This appointment not only reflects the recognition of India's economic strength and potential but also acknowledges its commitment to promoting inclusive and sustainable growth on a global scale. With a population exceeding 1.3 billion people, India stands as the world's second-most populous country, representing a diverse tapestry of cultures, traditions, and aspirations. It is a nation with immense human capital, which has been a driving force behind its rapid economic growth. India's economy is undeniably on an upward trajectory, making it a key player in the global market.
In 2021, despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, India ranked as the world's sixth-largest economy in terms of nominal GDP. As the G20 president, India has a unique opportunity to shape the global agenda, foster international cooperation, and address critical issues that affect us all. From tackling climate change and fostering sustainable development to promoting digital transformation and enhancing global trade, India's leadership in the G20 will undoubtedly leave a lasting impact. India's presidency also serves as a testament to its diplomatic prowess and its ability to engage with diverse nations across the world. As a nation deeply committed to the principles of multilateralism, India brings a unique perspective to the table, grounded in its own experiences and challenges. By fostering dialogue and collaboration, India aims to drive equitable and inclusive growth that benefits all member nations.
Beyond the economic realm, India's presidency of the G20 also highlights its commitment to social development and the welfare of its citizens. With a strong emphasis on initiatives like financial inclusion, women empowerment and skill development, India seeks to uplift marginalized sections of society, both at home and abroad. Let us celebrate this achievement and look forward to the positive impact that India's leadership will bring to the world stage.
This is 35^th edition: Volume 18 Issue 1: April 2023 of Journal of Commerce and Trade. I thank all editors, reviewers and authors for their constant and literary support.

Wishing you continued success and prosperity,
October 2022
Vol. 17 No. 2

I am feeling proud observing the pace of India's digitalization under PM Narendra Modi's vision. India's tech-future is bright. India is on lightening speed to be a technology superhub in near 'techade'.
In 2015, PM Narendra Modi launched the initiative 'Digital India'. That time, three-fold vision for IT in 2015 was set out: Transformation life of citizens through digital governance; expand digital economy; and make India a producer of technology instead of consumer.
Satellite broadband and communication service market in India is expected to grow & expand with the developing use case horizon and exponential growth in data consumption. Over 20 year old law governing Internet will be replaced soon as the Data Protection BIll is ready and it will be before Parliament in due time. India's dream to be a producer of technology can come true through developments and investment commitments to facilitate commercial opportunities and development of semiconductor innovation ecosystems. India's semiconductor market is predicted to play an important role in enhancing the global value chain and generating employment on a large scale. Smartphones, wearables, automative components, computing and data storage are areas where high demand of semiconductors is rising.
Modi's vision has transformed the growth and development patterns of the Indian economy.
I am dead assured that the coming century is India's time and progress.
The 34th issue of Journal of Commerce and Trade i.e., Ocotber 2022 is in your hands. I am thankful to Editors, Reviewers, Authors, Indexing agencies and other associated parties and bodies for the successful publication of this issue.
April 2022
Vol. 17 No. 1

Employment procurement or resource to procure employment is a big challenge in a country where population explosion is high. India in terms of population is not in a good condition because there is a swift rural to urban population migration due to unemployment. Rural to urban population migration pinches the economic progress brutally. Because, Rural areas become vacant therefore rural industrialisation and agriculture start decaying in shortage of labour in rural areas. Government has to make unplanned arrangements like food, shelter, safety etc. for the over populated urban areas. And, on the other side income generation of such population is not included in GDP. Thus, It raises concern and presents a massive mismatch between the GDP growth and the situation on the ground. The numbers show an improvement in the gross domestic product or the overall economy, which is likely to grow above 9 per cent in the current financial year that ends on March 31, 2022. It is a marked improvement from last year when the economy had contracted by 7.3 per cent. This should actually mean more income, more prosperity and more jobs. This situation gives rise to K-shaped economic condition where certain formal sector grows while the informal sector lags behind. Therefore, government should immediately take an action to demorialise rural to urban population migration. Government should favour traditional employment methods as the rural population has developed skills in those methods.
Journal of commerce and trade is now launching 23rd issue i.e., Vol .17 No. 1 April , 2022. Please be connected with us via email or whatsapp. Share your views to me. Distribute your paper at your social media handles and groups to let the public know about your paper or research.
Index
October 2021
Vol. 16 No. 2

The central government has unveiled a Rs. 6 lakh crore 4 - year National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP). The step so taken looks awkward in first instance but it affirms the government commitment of better roads, highways and airports. It will give more thrust to the economy to develop and flourish. Now, the 32^nd issue i.e., Vol. 16 No. 2: October 2021 is printed and live on the website. Let us know about your views by writing an email to us. We follow a high selection procedure for the papers to give space in the Journal. Cite and refer papers in further researches.
Index
April 2021
Vol. 16 No. 1

This is not a spread of a pandemic alone but a type of war being fought. It is affecting almost all areas of growth and development. A gap in the education system is unexpectedly emerged due to the fatal spread of pandemic. Universities, institutions, colleges and teachers have never felt a need for the technology driven education system. The traditional methods of educational system are always preferred as the best available and suitable methods of disseminating education from nursery to super-specialty. Journal of Commerce and Trade is also not remained apart from this fatal virus. But, the release of April 2021 issue is still on time. We wish Pandemic free World for all.
Index
October 2020
Vol. 15 No. 2

Unawareness of rural population with internet based education and weaknesses in technology access are main culprit in Pandemic Lockdown. Teachers, who were trained extensively year per year for ‘chalk and talk’ culture have to unexpectedly enter into ‘online and show-time’ culture of teaching. Online education needs two fundamentals - One, the technology availability of teacher and two, the technology availability of student. In rural areas, no one has these facilities. Government could operate radio and TV signal based education so that one can hear or watch the content and may become aware.
Index
April 2020
Vol. 15 No. 1

The unexpected haunt of pandemic COVID-19 has put everyone in an unrestful state. Elimination of daily wage, closure of industries and government work and shattering of economy is the another one. No official, no economist and no scientist is in a position to bring in a handsome solution to this rising problem. The two-meals per day to the hungry, transportation to the migratory labour, oxygen to the dying economy and packages to the industries are the main roles of a government to play in this disaster situation. Our doctors, policemen and social workers have done a great job. Journal of Commerce & Trade and the team is always with you and hope a safe time for you.
Index
October 2019
Vol. 14 No. 2

Agriculture is lacking effective transportation, standard power support, upgraded agro-processing system and modernize farm produce mechanism. Wasting natural resources and farm capacity is a main concern here but the creation of bulk employment at local level is also another more serious concern. Whatever Industrial Development we have achieved or whatever new MNAREGA type policies we have framed but the hard fact is that Agriculture is the highest employment provider even today. With this title concept, I welcome all in the launch of this 29th issue i.e., Volume 14 Issue 2 (October, 2019). I thank ever encouraging role of our editors, reviewers, authors and readers.
Index
April 2019
Vol. 14 No. 1

The economy and trade can only be sustained by applying a dynamic and monitoring approach to the basic sectors i.e., 'Micro, Small and Medium enterprises' and 'Agriculture'. The large scale industries cater to the employment needs of a specified sector. Government should pay a deep attention to the sectors of Agriculture (including agri-business) and MSMEs. Some measure like delay in assessing farm loan and MSME advances and NPA should be delayed. Demonatisation, Jandhan Yojna and Digitalization on a side give technological upgradation and standard of living.
Index
October 2018
Vol. 13 No. 2

India has played a deciding role in the G20 Summit on International Trade, International financial and Tax Systems at Argentina, South America. Prime Minister Modi suggested to form Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to formulate a standard definition of fugitive economic offenders and further to develop a set of commonly agreed and standardized procedures related to identification, extradition and judicial proceedings for dealing with fugitive economic offenders to provide guidance and assistance to G-20 countries, subject to their domestic law. India will rise soon as a New Economic Power of East. Now, I congratulate all of you for this October 2018- Volume 13 No. 2 issue. Please be connected through our website www.jctindia.org.
Index
April 2018
Vol. 13 No. 1

The well-being, the welfare and the future-security of human capital is not only the responsibility of the government but also the urgent need of the hour. Thus, proper employment and adequate income is the key for all the above requirements which are proving to be threat rather than opportunity. The main hurdle in the way to enhanced per capita income is the lack of appropriate and suitable employment to Indian youth. I hope 2024 will give new shape to India and its people. Here, I will not forget to thank all my Editors, Editorial Members, Review Members, Administrative Team and Authors to support in the publication of this April 2018 issue.
Index
October 2017
Vol. 12 No. 2

Demonetisation, Digitalisation and GST are the talk of the town these days. Digitalisation also provide easy monitoring of cash transactions, audit of tax-procedures and tracking of illegal transactions. Well, all big strategic analysists are taking these Demonetisation, Digitalisation and GST issues as big policy shift and future focused. The success of our every effort is due to active support of our editorial, review and administrative team and the authors. I am thankful to all concerned.
Index
April 2017
Vol. 12 No. 1

India is already one of world’s fastest growing major economies. Finance Minister, with much hope, comments that it will restore efficiency and growth by creating a common market of 1.3 billion consumers, a population greater than the US, Europe, Brazil, Maxico and Japan combined. Manufacturing states initially suffer as the extra revenue is generated in more populous consuming states. There are also some sectors untouched by the new tax including alcohal and real estate. Now, we have entered in another UGC approved journals era in India. Journal of Commerce & Trade is UGC approved journal bearing No. 48687. This is 23rd issue. 12th year of publication has been started. The success of our every effort is due to active support of our editorial, review and administrative team and the authors.
October 2016
Vol. 11 No. 2

The size of India's black money considering the huge unorganised sector along with self-employed people, illiterate people, migrant workers, immigrants from neighbouring countries, election pattern, a chain of taxes, rules and regulations of daily businesses etc is estimated to be around 25 per cent GDP. India has to learn to curb unclean money market by reducing tax rates to 15 per cent-20 per cent. Cheaper brisk Internet facility to Indian citizens has risen as a new big challenge in the way to economic growth in India. I am thankful to all concerned and associated ones on the launch of 22nd issue. We have done a lot and trying to give more value to the writings of our learned authors.
April 2016
Vol. 11 No. 1

‘Swachh Bharat Mission’, MNREGA and AADHAR schemes, Railways and the railway stations, the oil prices, the LPG subsidy allocation, the LPG availability, the power, the security issues, the banking reforms and everything is being dealt very smartly only to give smoothness to the lives of Indian citizens. Corruption is lowered. The development process is energized with speedy corrections in the economy. Now, you have 21st issue in your hands. I am thankful to all concerned and associated ones. We have done a lot and trying to give more value to the writings of our learned authors.
October 2015
Vol. 10 No. 2

Prosperity, Progress, Building a More Peaceful and Secure Country, Fairness in the trade practices, equal incidence of tax and lowering the corruption are some rules of thumb, which have to be dealt on an urgent basis. Political transperancy and morality are other issues to be discussed. We need Visionery, properly educated politicians to run such a vast country like India. We have to take numerous hard-heart decisions. If we desire the results, we have to work on basic lines. We have to recast the system. With these ending lines, I introduce you the latest Volume X No. 2: October 2015 issue of JCT. I have always a good support of Editors, Editorial Board, Review Board and Authors from world over.
April 2015
Vol. 10 No. 1

Successful summits with the BRICS grouping (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), Japan, China, Nepal and Bhutan were topped off with a high-profile visit to the United States (US) from 27-30 September. Without a restructuring of the international economic architecture to reflect contemporary realities, India will aggressively pursue multilateralism through alternative platforms like the BRICS. With these ending lines, I introduce you the latest Volume X No. 1: April 2015 issue of JCT. Here, I am joyous enough to quote that this is the 10th Year of Publication and we have seen many mile stones in this journey and yet to see many more. I have always a good support of Editors, Editorial Board, Review Board and Authors from world over.
October 2014
Vol. 9 No. 2

In India, PMJDY (Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojna) is a big step in an order to achieve banking sector forwardness and reach, indeed. The PMJDY coverage is multifarious from simple bank account to linked insurance coverage to debit card facilities etc. But, the government has to provide safe electronic banking through ATMs, government-to-citizen money transfers and reliability on the part of BSPs (Banking Service Providers). With these lines, I thank Editor, Assistant Editor, Editorial Board and Review Board to help in bringing another afresh issue of the Journal of Commerce and Trade i.e., Vol. IX No. 2 October, 2014. I wish all contributors great success.
April 2014
Vol. 9 No. 1

Countries practice economic diplomacy by providing economic incentives to promote strategic interests. Modi government has deftly combined politico-strategic concerns with economic advantage. It needs to show that it can shape the agenda in multilateral gatherings such as BRICS next week and forthcoming meetings of the WTO and climate change talks after the novelty phase of the force of Modi’s personality and the BJP dominance of parliament has been overtaken by other global events. With these burning changes, the April 2014 (Vol. IX No. 1) issue of JCT is in your hands. I wish the drivers of the Indian Economy a safe journey at the bumpy roads ahead.
April & October 2013
Vol. 8 No. 1-2

Still after 66 years of freedom, we have to learn to feel free. We have to develop infrastructure of equal opportunities. We have to immediately stop the reservation and quota techniques. We have to create effective labour laws. We have to analyse school learning outcomes. Fundamentally, we have to innovate learning in schools and teaching in colleges and we have to redefine this political system. There must be rules as we have in every service sector does. So, the basic vision behind the above lines is not only looking in but looking out and looking forward, too.
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October 2012
Vol. 7 No. 2

Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh intelligently shifted the burden over to others on this issue, “We cannot change the global economy, but we can do something about the domestic constraints that have contributed to the downturn.” The Government and the policy initiaters have to do more on various fronts. Such confusions are giving birth to rampant corruption. Now, the present issue is taking us to the 8th year of publishing. We have new ideas with us to give some new innovations to the society and academic freternity.
April 2012
Vol. 7 No. 1

The rupee has been witnessing sharp volatility in recent times. It plunged to a record low of 56.38 against US Dollar. The rupee was around 19 against the US Dollar in 1991. This means, the Indian currency has depreciated by 197 percent over the 21 years against the dollar. It affects individuals’ expenditure, growth and income. Fall in rupee value attributes to more spending for same products or services. Prices of petrol has been increasing in three times in the last four months. Oil marketing companies incur losses due to depreciation in rupee. As impact of decrease in rupee value, higher dollar is paid out on imports and exports also are adversely affected. The Government and the policy initiators have to do more on various fronts. Now, the present issue is taking us to the 7th year of publishing. We have done a lot to facilitate printing of good articles. Our new full interactive website has started working.
October 2011
Vol. 6 No. 2

The Finance minister Hon’ble Sh. Pranab Mukherjee told in his budget speech presenting Union Budget for 2010-11 that Indian Economy now is in a far better position than it was a year ago. The economy clocked a GDP growth of 6.1 percent in the first quarter of 2009-10, as against 5.8 percent in the fourth querter of the preceeding year. In the budget 2010-11, the Government provided relief to individual taxpayers by enhancing the exemption limit for all taxpayers and withdrawing the surcharge on persent income tax. To promote savings, a deduction of additional amount of Rs. 20,000 for investment in long term infrastructure bonds is declared but the rate of service tax has been raised to 12 per cent. The fiscal deficit is estimated 5.5 percent of GDP in 2010-11 which amount to Rs. 381408 crore. In the above shade of the country, we managed to give matching topics in the current issue.
April 2011
Vol. 6 No. 1

Industrial output rose 7.3 percent in March from a year earlier, almost double the revised 3.7 percent expansion in February. Indian exports grew 34.4 percent in April, 2011 to $23.9 billion but on the other side imports also showed a rise of 14.1 percent to $ 32.8 billion which results a trade deficit of $8.9 billion in April. Food inflation dropped to an 18 months low of 7.7 percent during the last week of April, 2011 due to declining prices of pulses and vegelables and expectation of record production of many food items. Increasing prices of petrol and diesel may adversely affect the economy. With these road hurdles and speed-ups, the national economy upgrading day by day, we here are publishing our 11th issue of JCT.
October 2010
Vol. 5 No. 2

This new direct tax code which is expected to be passed in the monsoon session, will replace the existing Income tax Act of 1961 in India. Unit linked insurance plans, equity Mutual funds, term deposits, National saving certificates, long term infrastructure bonds, housing loan principal repayment, stamp duty and registration fee on purchase of house property will loosen tax benefits. This is 11st issue in the sequence and through JCT numerous economic, trade and commerce problems of the country have put in front of the people of the entry. This one as we expect will present something new. I also owe words to our reputed Editorial Advisors and Review Committee Members.